Roasting vs. Calcination: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Updated on December 25, 2023
Roasting is heating ore in the presence of air to remove volatile impurities; Calcination involves heating substances in the absence of air to remove volatile parts.
Key Differences
Roasting is a metallurgical process involving the heating of ore or other materials in the presence of oxygen to bring about thermal decomposition and remove volatile impurities. In contrast, Calcination is the process of heating materials in the absence or limited supply of air, primarily used to remove volatile parts and induce thermal decomposition.
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Nov 14, 2023
Roasting is typically used for sulfide ores, where the process oxidizes the sulfides to oxides and releases sulfur dioxide. Calcination, on the other hand, is commonly used for carbonate ores, which decompose into oxides and carbon dioxide upon heating.
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Nov 14, 2023
The primary objective of Roasting is to remove impurities such as sulfur and arsenic from ores through oxidation. In Calcination, the goal is often to decompose the material and drive off carbon dioxide or water from carbonates and hydrates, respectively.
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Roasting generally occurs at a higher temperature than calcination and involves a solid-gas chemical reaction. Calcination involves the thermal decomposition of materials, typically at a lower temperature compared to roasting, and usually in an inert or reduced-oxygen atmosphere.
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Nov 14, 2023
In practical applications, Roasting is often used in the preliminary treatment of gold and silver ores, while Calcination is frequently employed in the manufacture of cement, lime, and other similar materials where decomposition is required.
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Nov 14, 2023
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Comparison Chart
Main Objective
Remove impurities through oxidation
Decompose material, drive off CO2 or water
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Practical Applications
Treatment of gold, silver ores
Manufacture of cement, lime
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Roasting and Calcination Definitions
Roasting
Heating ore in air to remove impurities.
Roasting of the sulfide ore was necessary to extract the metal.
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Calcination
Preparation process for certain materials.
The calcination step is essential in creating clinker for cement.
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Roasting
Metallurgical process for sulfide ores.
Roasting helped in oxidizing the sulfide to oxide.
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Nov 14, 2023
Calcination
Heating substances in absence of air.
Calcination of limestone produces lime.
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Roasting
Thermal processing in the presence of oxygen.
Roasting was used to remove arsenic from the ore.
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Calcination
Process for driving off carbon dioxide from carbonates.
The calcination of calcium carbonate results in calcium oxide.
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Roasting
Oxidizing process for metal extraction.
Copper extraction often involves roasting.
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Calcination
Used to remove volatile substances.
Calcination helps in removing water from gypsum.
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Roasting
Preparation step in metal refining.
Roasting is crucial in the preliminary treatment of gold ore.
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Calcination
To heat (a substance) to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point, causing loss of moisture or volatile impurities, reduction or oxidation, and the decomposition of carbonates and other compounds.
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Oct 19, 2023
Calcination
To convert (liquid material, especially radioactive wastes) to granular solids by drying at very high temperatures.
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Roasting
(Metallurgy) To heat (ores) in a furnace in order to dehydrate, purify, or oxidize before smelting.
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Calcination
The process of calcining: heating a substance to a high temperature, but below its melting point, to bring about thermal decomposition.
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Calcination
The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.
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Calcination
The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
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Calcination
The conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature
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Calcination
Thermal decomposition in limited oxygen.
Calcination is used in the manufacture of cement.
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Roasting
A facetious tribute, as at a banquet, in which the honoree is alternately praised and insulted.
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Roasting
(colloquial) Very hot.
The day started out cool, but by noon it was roasting.
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Roasting
(colloquial) A rebuke or reprimand (usually from the recipient's point of view).
My boss gave me a roasting for last month's sales figures.
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Roasting
Cooking (meat) by dry heat in an oven (usually with fat added);
The slow roasting took several hours
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Repeatedly Asked Queries
Is roasting only used for metal extraction?
Primarily, but it's also used for other materials requiring oxidation.
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Nov 14, 2023
Can calcination be used for metal ores?
Yes, particularly for carbonate ores.
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Can calcination remove water from materials?
Yes, it's used to remove water from hydrates.
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Does calcination alter chemical structure?
Yes, it typically results in chemical decomposition.
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Is roasting a batch or continuous process?
It can be both, depending on the industrial setup.
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Is roasting an oxidizing process?
Yes, it involves oxidation in the presence of air.
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Does roasting always produce sulfur dioxide?
Often, especially with sulfide ores.
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What temperature is used in roasting?
Varies, but generally higher than calcination temperatures.
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What gases are released during calcination?
Typically carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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Can calcination be used for waste treatment?
Yes, in some cases, for thermal degradation.
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Is roasting used in silver processing?
Yes, similar to gold, for some types of silver ores.
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Can calcination aid in recycling processes?
In some cases, yes, for material recovery.
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Does roasting require controlled temperature?
Yes, precise temperature control is essential.
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Is roasting used in gold extraction?
Yes, it's a preliminary step in processing some gold ores.
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Does calcination produce toxic fumes?
It can, depending on the material being calcined.
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Is calcination energy-intensive?
It can be, depending on the material and scale.
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Does roasting require a specific ore preparation?
Yes, ores often need to be crushed and ground first.
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Nov 14, 2023
Can roasting be done in an inert atmosphere?
Typically not, as it requires oxygen for oxidation.
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Can calcination be used for soil amendment?
Yes, for producing lime used in agriculture.
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Nov 14, 2023
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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