Sunni vs. Shia: Know the Difference
By Shumaila Saeed || Updated on December 25, 2023
Sunni and Shia are the two main branches of Islam, differing primarily in beliefs about the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad and certain religious practices.
Key Differences
Sunni Islam believes in the elected caliphate for leadership after Prophet Muhammad, focusing on the community's consensus. Shia Islam, in contrast, holds that leadership should have stayed within the Prophet's family, specifically with his cousin and son-in-law, Ali.
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Nov 17, 2023
Sunni Muslims typically do not have a centralized clerical hierarchy and rely on the consensus of the Muslim community. Shia Muslims have a more formal clerical hierarchy, with religious leaders known as Imams, who are considered to have divine insight.
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Nov 17, 2023
In Sunni Islam, practices and rituals are more flexible and can vary regionally, adhering to the Quran and the Hadith. Shia Islam has some distinct practices, like the commemoration of Ashura, mourning the martyrdom of Imam Hussein.
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Nov 17, 2023
Sunni Muslims are the majority in most Muslim countries, constituting about 85-90% of Muslims worldwide. Shia Muslims are the majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan, and have significant populations in other Middle Eastern countries.
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Nov 17, 2023
Sunni and Shia Islam both have political dimensions, with Sunni-majority countries like Saudi Arabia and Shia-majority countries like Iran often having different regional political stances and influences.
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Nov 17, 2023
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Comparison Chart
Leadership
Believe in the elected Caliphate based on the community's choice.
Believe leadership should have stayed within Prophet Muhammad's family, specifically with Ali.
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Nov 17, 2023
Religious Authority
Generally do not have a hierarchy of religious leaders like the Shia.
Have a hierarchy of clerics; Ayatollahs are highly influential.
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Nov 17, 2023
Historical Roots
Emerged from those who believed Abu Bakr was the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad.
Emerged from followers of Ali, who they believed was appointed by Muhammad.
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Nov 17, 2023
Rituals and Practices
Sunni practices can vary but generally have less emphasis on martyrdom and mourning.
Shia practices include significant commemorations of Imam Husayn's martyrdom in Karbala.
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Nov 17, 2023
Population
Majority in the Muslim world.
Minority in the Muslim world, majority in Iran and Iraq.
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Nov 17, 2023
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Religious Interpretation
Tend to follow one of the four schools of thought in Islamic jurisprudence.
Place more emphasis on the guidance of the Imam.
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Community Structure
Generally more decentralized religious authority.
Have a more centralized religious hierarchy.
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Nov 17, 2023
Views on Companions
Respect all companions of Prophet Muhammad.
Special reverence for Ali and critical of some other companions.
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Political Influence
Historically, seen in various caliphates like the Ottoman Empire.
Political influence mainly in Iran and parts of Iraq.
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Nov 17, 2023
Sunni and Shia Definitions
Sunni
A member of the largest branch of Islam.
Sunnis constitute the majority in the Muslim world.
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Nov 14, 2023
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Shia
A member of the branch of Islam that holds Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad.
The Shia community commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Husain.
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Nov 14, 2023
Sunni
Relating to the larger part of the Muslim community that does not hold the Prophet's family line as the sole source of religious authority.
Sunni communities often have diverse interpretations of Islamic teachings.
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Nov 14, 2023
Shia
Someone who follows the teachings and guidance of the Imams.
As a Shia, he deeply respects the teachings of Imam Ali.
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Nov 14, 2023
Sunni
Following one of the four main Sunni schools of Islamic law.
Sunni jurisprudence has a rich and varied tradition.
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Nov 14, 2023
Shia
Relating to the part of the Muslim community that emphasizes the role of the Imamate.
In Shia Islam, the concept of Imamate is central to their belief system.
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Nov 14, 2023
Sunni
Someone who follows the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad as interpreted by the majority.
He is a Sunni who attends the local mosque.
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Nov 14, 2023
Shia
Pertaining to the group that supported Ali's claim to the Caliphate after Muhammad's death.
The Shia have a distinct historical narrative of early Islam.
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Nov 14, 2023
Sunni
Pertaining to the group that accepted Abu Bakr as the rightful Caliph after Muhammad's death.
The Sunni perspective on early Islamic history is quite distinct.
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Nov 14, 2023
Shia
Following specific rituals and commemorations unique to Shia Islam.
Shia Muslims observe Ashura with great reverence.
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Nov 14, 2023
Sunni
The branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad.
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Oct 19, 2023
Sunni
A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad
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Oct 19, 2023
Repeatedly Asked Queries
What are Sunni and Shia?
Sunni and Shia are the two major denominations of Islam, differing primarily in beliefs and practices related to the leadership succession after Prophet Muhammad.
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Nov 17, 2023
What is the main difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?
The main difference lies in their beliefs about the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad: Sunnis accept the elected caliphs, while Shias believe leadership should have passed to Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali.
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Nov 17, 2023
How do Sunni and Shia views of religious authority differ?
Sunnis rely on the Quran and Hadith with consensus among scholars for guidance, while Shias also follow the teachings of Imams, considered infallible leaders.
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What percentage of Muslims are Sunni and Shia?
Approximately 85-90% of Muslims worldwide are Sunni, and 10-15% are Shia.
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Do Sunni and Shia Muslims read the same Quran?
Yes, both Sunnis and Shias read the same Quran, but they may differ in some Hadith interpretations and additional texts.
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Nov 17, 2023
What are the historical origins of the Sunni-Shia split?
The split originated from a dispute over the succession of leadership after the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE.
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Nov 17, 2023
How do Sunni and Shia views on religious leadership differ?
Sunnis generally believe in elected leadership, while Shias emphasize hereditary succession through Ali and his descendants.
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Nov 17, 2023
How do Sunni and Shia practices differ?
Differences in practices are mostly subtle and pertain to prayer rituals, religious observance, and jurisprudence.
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Nov 17, 2023
Can Sunni and Shia Muslims intermarry?
Yes, intermarriage is permissible, though it may require accommodating differences in religious practices.
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Nov 17, 2023
Do Sunni and Shia Muslims share the same pilgrimage rituals?
Both partake in the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, but Shias also visit additional sites significant to their history, like the shrines of Imams in Iraq and Iran.
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Nov 17, 2023
Are there different branches within Sunni and Shia Islam?
Yes, both Sunni and Shia Islam have various branches. Sunnis have four main schools of jurisprudence, while Shias primarily consist of Twelvers, Ismailis, and Zaidis.
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Nov 17, 2023
How do Sunni and Shia Muslims view each other?
Views vary widely; some see each other as fellow Muslims with minor differences, while others may hold more divisive views.
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Nov 17, 2023
Do Sunni and Shia Muslims have different mosques?
They often worship in separate mosques due to differences in practices and sermons, but the mosques are fundamentally similar.
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Nov 17, 2023
Are there geographical regions where Sunni or Shia are more prevalent?
Yes, Sunnis are the majority in most of the Muslim world, while Shias are predominantly found in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and parts of Lebanon.
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Nov 17, 2023
Is the way of praying different for Sunni and Shia Muslims?
There are minor differences, such as the positioning of the hands and the use of a prayer stone (turbah) by Shias.
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Nov 17, 2023
How does the Shia concept of Imamate differ from Sunni beliefs?
Shia Muslims believe in a line of twelve Imams who are spiritual and temporal leaders, possessing divine knowledge, a concept not present in Sunni Islam.
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Nov 17, 2023
How do Sunni and Shia views on succession affect contemporary politics?
The historical split has influenced political alignments and conflicts in the Muslim world, often intertwining with regional and national politics.
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Nov 17, 2023
Do Sunni and Shia Muslims share the same fundamental beliefs in Islam?
Yes, both believe in the Five Pillars of Islam, the Quran, and Prophet Muhammad as the last prophet, despite differences in secondary beliefs and practices.
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Nov 17, 2023
Are the religious holidays the same for Sunni and Shia Muslims?
Major Islamic holidays like Eid are the same, but Shias have additional commemorations like Ashura, which holds significant importance.
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Nov 17, 2023
What role do religious scholars play in Sunni and Shia Islam?
In Sunni Islam, scholars interpret the Quran and Hadith, while in Shia Islam, scholars, particularly Ayatollahs, have significant religious authority.
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Nov 17, 2023
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About Author
Written by
Shumaila SaeedShumaila Saeed, an expert content creator with 6 years of experience, specializes in distilling complex topics into easily digestible comparisons, shining a light on the nuances that both inform and educate readers with clarity and accuracy.
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Hifza Nasir
